Submarine boat.



No. 702,723.; Patented lune l7, I902.

J-. P. HOLLAND. SUBMARINE BOAT.

(Application med on. a, 1900.

(No Model.)

. 2 Sheets$he ef l.

IINVENTOR ATTORNEY ails PzTERk'coL Pnmauma. wAsHmmou. u. c.

140. 702,723. "Patgnt'ad June 17,1902.

' J. P. HOLLAND.

suBmAmu'E BOAT. A u'catim filed cat. s, 1900. I (No Model.) 2Sheets-Sheat 2 S mil -N WITNESSES:

Y WW

' INVENTOR of the submerged vessel.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN P. HOLLAND, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO ELECTRIC BOATCOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 702,728, dated June1'7, 1902.

Application filed October 3, 1900- Serial No. 31,874. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN P. HOLLAND, a

citizen of the United States, residing at New-r marine boats or vesselswhich are designed for operation both on. the surface of the water andbelow the surface thereof and which.

are normallyintended for employment in war against the vessels of anenemy.

A vessel designed to navigate under the surface of the water mustfulfilcertain conditions in order to be available as a submarine warvessel. Among these conditions may be mentioned ability to maneuverrapidly in the horizontal plane while moving on the surface of the waterwith normal emersion and in horizontal and vertical planes .whilesubmerged. While operating on the surface the vessel must possess amoderate transverse and longitudinal metacentric height, and whileoperating submerged she must possess the quality of handiness andstability in a high degree.

In order to provide the best conditions for speed while the vessel isrunning on the surface of the water with empty water-ballast tanks, shemust be so trimmed that she will lie on an even keel, and to render itpossible to maintain this trim at full speed the center of gravity ofthe vessel must be a considerable distanceaft of its center of volume,so that it will float while lying still with the stern I more deeplysubmerged than the bow, and the distance separating the centers ofbuoyancy and gravity will depend on the shape of the vessel andespecially on the fineness of its lines. As this trim would not affordfavorable conditions for speedand handiness whilerunning submerged, itis necessary to so alter the relation of the centersof buoyancy andgravity during the act of submergence that the vessel shall lie on aneven keel while it is submerged and stationary, the elevating power dueto the reserve buoyancy being then'ef fective vertically over the centerof buoyancy In order to accomplish these objects, the center of gravityof the water-ballast tanks is placed forward of the center of buoyancyof the vessel such a distance that the volume of the water-ballasttanksmultiplied by the distance of their cenballast tanks.

The condition of buoyancy which produces an elevation of the stem or bowand a corresponding submergence of the stern while the vessel is lyingstill on the surface with empty ballast-tanks and which provides thatthe Weight of water thrown on her bows by the bow-wave While she isrunning shall just balance this excess of buoyancy forward, so that shewill'run on the surface on an even keel, is altered by filling theballast-tanks so that the excess of buoyancy maintained forward Whilerunning on the surface is exactly counterbalanced, and the boat is in acondition torun while submerged on an even keel, its center of gravitybeing vertically under its center of buoyancy. v

In the drawings, which illustrate a submarine boat or vessel embodyingmy invention, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the vessel represented asat rest on the surface with the ballast-tanks empty and the hull down atthe stern, and Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the vessel under fullspeed on the surface on an even keel. Fig. 3 is an elevatiompartly insection, of the boat in diving condition with the ballast-tanksfullandthe deck awash.

1 In the views, at is the hull of the boat, of

cigar shape, and a the normal emersed portion thereof.

6 represents the rudders for horizontal steering.

0 represents the diving-rudders.

d is the propeller, and c is the conningtower.

It-will be noted that when the vessel is at LOO I rest, with theballast-tanks for diving empty, as in Fig. 1, the stern sinks lower thanthe stem and the longitudinal axis w of the Vessel is inclined to theplane to of the surface of the water. When the vessel is running at fullspeed on the surface, however, with the ballast-tanks empty, as in Fig.2, it will be on an even keel, or, in other Words, the axis x will beparallel with the surface to of the water.

When, as seen in Fig. 3, the ballast-tanks f are filled for diving andthe vessel is stationary, this filling of the tanks will bring thestationary vessel to an oven keel, with the elevating power of thereserve buoyancy vertically over the center of buoyancy of the submergedvessel.

As above stated, the distance between the center of buoyancy and thecenter of gravity in the vessel will depend on the shape and fineness ofthe lines of the vessel, and this being a matter of calculation noattempt has been made to indicate with exactness these centers in thedrawings, nor has it been deemed necessary to indicate in the drawingsthe centers of gravity when the ballast-tanks are empty and when theyare filled. These are matters that will be readily understood by thenaval constructor. In Fig. 1, however, the line y indicatesapproximately the transverse plane in which is situated the center ofgravity of the emersed portion a, and of the ballast-space f, and inFig. 3 the line .2' indicates approximately the transverse plane inwhich is situated the vessels center of gravity when submerged.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. A submarine vesseldesigned to float on an even keel when running on the surface of thewater, having the center of volume of the emersed portion of its bodysituated forward of the center of buoyancy of the vessel, tocounterbalance the weight of the bow-wave tending to depress the boat atthe stem, and having water-ballast tanks of which the center of gravityis placed forward of the center of buoyancy of the vessel such adistance that the volume of the water-ballast tanks, multiplied by thedistance of their center of volume forward of the vessels center ofbuoyancy when the water-ballast tanks are empty, is equal to the volumeof the emersed portion of the vessels body multiplied by the distance ofits center of volume forward of the vessels center of buoyancy under thesame conditions, whereby, when said tanks are filled for diving, thebuoyancy of said emersed portion may be neutralized and the boat broughtwith its longitudinal axis substantially parallel with the surface ofthe water, for the purpose set forth.

2. A submarine vessel designed for operation both on and under thesurface of the water, and having water-ballast tanks of capacity forsinking it to the awash condition, said vessel having its center ofgravity situated, when said tanks are empty, aft of the center ofbuoyancy, and said tanks being of such capacity as, when they arefilled, to put the vessel on an even keel, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 20th day ofSeptember, 1900, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN P. HOLLAND.

Witnesses:

HENRY OoNNEr'r, PETER A. Ross.

